Uma kukhulunywa ngokusatshalaliswa kwe-GNU/Linux okungakwenzi uzizwe sengathi ukwelinye iplanethi, i-Oreon 10 ikhulunywa kakhulu. Njengoba inobuhle obufana nedeskithophu ye-Microsoft kanye nokusetha okulula ukuyisebenzisa kusukela ekuqaleni, lo mnikelo uhlose ukuvulela indlela labo abavela ku-Windows futhi abafuna indawo ezinzile, yesimanje, nelula. Isithembiso: ukushintshela ku-Linux okubushelelezi, okungenazinkinga ngezinto ezibalulekile ezilungele ukusetshenziswa.
Ngaphandle kokubukeka kwayo, i-Oreon 10 yakhelwe esisekelweni esiqinile sobuchwepheshe: i-AlmaLinux, eyalandela ikhodi yomthombo ye-Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), ebeka phambili ukuzinza, ukuphepha, kanye nomjikelezo wokubuyekeza obikezelwayo. Lokhu kuhunyushwa kube uhlelo olunama-patches avamile, izindawo zokugcina ezaziwayo, kanye nokuhambisana okubanzi, okulungele izinhlelo ezintsha kanye nemishini emidala esenokuningi okunikezayo. Okulula, okuphephile, nokujwayelekile lapha kuhlanganiswe kahle kakhulu.
Iyini i-Oreon 10 futhi ngeyakhe?
I-Oreon 10 iwukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux okwenzelwe abasebenzisi abafuna ukushintshela kusuka ku-Windows baye endaweni ekhululekile ngaphandle kokufunda okujulile. Ukuhlelwa kwedeskithophu nemenyu kuhloselwe ulwazi olujwayelekile, futhi ukukhetha kokuqala kwesofthiwe kuhlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi yansuku zonke ngaphandle kokudinga ukufakwa kwamaphakheji amaningi. Umqondo oyinhloko ukukwenza uzizwe usekhaya kusukela ngomzuzu wokuqala.
Isisekelo se-AlmaLinux sakhiwe ngendlela ye-RHEL yezinga lebhizinisi: ukuzinza phezu kwezinguquko eziphazamisayo, ama-patches okuphepha aqhubekayo, kanye nokuvuselelwa kokuziphatha okuqhubekayo ngemva kokubuyekezwa. Noma ubani ofuna indawo yokusebenza engenazinkinga, yansuku zonke uzothola lokhu kuyinselele enamandla kakhulu. Uhlelo olubikezelwayo lufanele isisindo salo ngegolide uma ufuna ukugwema izimanga ngemva kokuqalisa kabusha ngakunye.
Izinguqulo ze-Oreon 10: I-Desktop Standard kanye ne-Desktop Business+
Ukusatshalaliswa kukhishwa ngezinhlelo ezimbili eziyinhloko ezisekela ubuchwepheshe obufanayo kodwa ezihlukile endleleni yazo yokuthola amaphakheji afakwe ngaphambilini. Lokhu kukuvimbela ukuthi ungagcwalisi uhlelo lwakho ngezinto ezengeziwe ongeke uzisebenzise futhi kukongela isikhathi ngokuhlela kuphela lokho okudingayo. Ukukhetha uhlelo kumayelana nokulungisa i-Oreon 10 ngokwezidingo zakho ezithile.
- I-Desktop StandardKuhlanganisa i-GIMP, i-Inkscape, ne-Lutris, okwenza kube lula ukuqalisa nge-graphic design nokuzijabulisa kwedijithali. Uma uhlela izithombe, usebenza ngezithombe zevekhtha, noma ufuna ukuphatha imidlalo ku-Linux, lolu hlobo lulungele wena. Kuyinketho yemvelo yabadali nabadlali bamageyimu..
- Ibhizinisi Ledeskithophu+Kubandakanya i-LibreOffice, ukwesekwa kwe-Docker, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-Keylime, okuhloselwe izinhlelo zokusebenza zasehhovisi, iziqukathi, nezimo ezinezidingo zokuphepha eziqinile. Ukwengeza, i-ecosystem iyahambisana nezinye izinto ezifana neziqukathi ezingasindi zisebenzisa iPodman, uma kukhethwa. Idizayinelwe amadeskithophu angochwepheshe kanye namaqembu aphethwe.
Zombili izinhlelo zabelana ngesiphequluli se-Firefox kanye nokufinyelela ezindaweni zokugcina njenge-EPEL, kanye nokuhambisana ne-RPM Fusion ukuze kwandiswe ikhathalogi ngabashayeli, ama-codec, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-multimedia. Ibhalansi enengqondo phakathi kwesofthiwe ezinzile kanye nokufinyelela okulula kokungeziwe okudumile.
Izidingo ezincane nokusebenza kumakhompyutha amadala
Enye yezinto ezithengiswa kakhulu ze-Oreon 10 yizidingo zayo ezincane zesistimu: i-RAM engu-2 GB kuphela kanye nesikhala sediski esingu-20 GB ukuze ifakwe ngokugcwele. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-RAM engu-4 GB kanye nesitoreji esingu-64 GB esidingekayo yi-Windows 11, umehluko ubalulekile. Lokhu kwenza i-distro ibe ukuvuselelwa okuphelele kwama-laptop nama-desktop akhohliwe.
Ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke, ideskithophu isebenza kahle ngisho nasezilungiselelweni ezincane: amathebhu amaningi e-Firefox, idokhumenti evulekile, nomculo odlala ngemuva akufanele kunciphise ijubane lesistimu. Uma ufuna ukuhlola ukuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza, amathuluzi afana ne-CPU-X ye-Linux akuvumela ukuthi ubheke ihadiwe yakho, kanye nezinsiza ezifana ne-GPU Viewer zingasiza ekuxilongeni ikhadi lakho lehluzo ngokuchofoza okumbalwa nje. Ngokuhleleka okuncane, ukusebenza kuyamangalisa ngempela.
Ukuhambisana nabashayeli be-Nouveau be-NVIDIA kanye nezixazululo zesimanje ze-Intel ne-AMD kubonakala ngokushelela kwedeskithophu, ukudlala ividiyo, kanye nemidlalo ethile. Ungalindeli izimangaliso kumakhompyutha amadala kakhulu, kodwa uzothola ulwazi oluzinzile nolusebenzisekayo. Isihluthulelo ukuthi uhlelo aluchithi izinsiza.
Ukufakwa kwesimanje: UEFI kanye NTFS
I-Oreon 10 ihlanganisa ukwesekwa okugcwele kwe-UEFI, yenza kube lula ukufaka izinhlelo zesimanje futhi isuse inkinga yokuqalisa kabusha okuphephile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasebenzisa amathuluzi afana ne-fwupd ukugcina i-firmware isesikhathini kusuka ku-Linux ngaphandle kokuvakashela iwebhusayithi yomenzi. Ukufaka nokugcina uhlelo lwakho kulula kakhulu kunangaphambili.
Ukuhambisana kwe-NTFS kungenye inzuzo, njengoba kukuvumela ukuthi ufunde futhi ubhalele ama-Windows partitions ngqo. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthola amafayela, ukwabelana ngama-drive, ngisho ne-dual-boot uma ufuna ukuzama i-distro ngaphambi kokuzibophezela. Ukufinyelela amafolda akho e-Windows ngqo kusuka ku-Linux kuyimpumuzo enkulu.
Uma uvela ku-Windows, indlela elula ngokuvamile ukubhukha isikhala sediski, ukufaka ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux eceleni kwesistimu yakho ye-Microsoft, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi konke kuhambisana nomsebenzi wakho. Uma udinga ukubuyisela umphathi wokuqala we-Windows boot ngemuva kokusebenza ngama-partitions, kuneziqondiso ezithile zalokho, isibonelo, izihloko ezinikezelwe ekubuyiseleni i-bootloader ngemuva kokufaka i-Linux noma olunye uhlelo. Izinketho zikhona; into ebalulekile ukuhlela ukuthi lezi zinhlelo ezimbili zizohlala kanjani ndawonye.
Isofthiwe etholakalayo, amakhosombe kanye nokwandiswa kwekhathalogi
Ngaphandle kwebhokisi, iFirefox iphatha ukuphequlula ngendlela ethembekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo zokugcina ze-EPEL kanye nokuhambisana kwe-RPM Fusion kuvula umnyango wabashayeli, ama-codec, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-multimedia ezivame ukungafakwa eziteshini eziyisisekelo. Ukufaka izinto ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa kwakho kwansuku zonke akudingi ukulwa nokuxhomekeka.
I-Oreon 10 inikeza inketho yokuvumela i-Flathub, kungcono uma ukhetha ukufakwa kohlelo ngokuchofoza okukodwa, ukuzigcina zipakishiwe, kanye nokwenza kube lula izibuyekezo. Le ndlela ihambisana kahle kakhulu nezindawo zokugcina zendabuko uma ufuna ukuba nezinguqulo zakamuva zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidumile. Kulula kanye nekhathalogi ebanzi kufayela elilodwa.
Ku-Desktop Standard, ukufakwa kwe-GIMP kanye ne-Inkscape kukuvumela ukuthi ukhiqize okuqukethwe okubonakalayo kusukela ekuqaleni. Engeza i-Lutris, futhi ukuphatha imidlalo ku-Linux kuba lula kakhulu, ngokuvamile ngemiphumela emangalisayo. Ukuzijabulisa kwedijithali kanye nobuciko kusezandleni zakho kusukela ngosuku lokuqala.
Ku-Desktop Business+, i-LibreOffice inikeza ihhovisi eliqinile, kuyilapho i-Docker ne-Keylime zinikeza amathuluzi adingekayo okuthuthukisa, ukuhlela, kanye nezimo lapho ubuqotho besistimu bubaluleke khona. Kulabo abazisa izitsha nezinqubomgomo zokuphepha eziqinile, le nhlanganisela ifanelekile. Indawo yobungcweti yedeskithophu elungele imisebenzi engathi sÃna.
Ukufuduka ku-Windows: isikhombimsebenzisi esijwayelekile, IWINE nemidlalo
Ukufana okubonakalayo neWindows akuyona nje into efiselekayo: kunciphisa ngokushesha ukungqubuzana koshintsho. Amamenyu, ibha yomsebenzi, kanye nokuhleleka kwamafasitela kuzwakala kujwayelekile, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bagxile ekusebenzeni kunokufunda kabusha izenzo ezintsha. Uma ukushaqeka okuncane kwesiko, kulapho ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kushesha khona.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhambisana kwe-WINE kukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izinhlelo eziningi ezenzelwe i-Windows. Uma ukuhamba komsebenzi wakho kuncike kuhlelo lokusebenza oluthile olungenalo olunye uhlobo lwendabuko, lokhu kusekelwa kungenza umehluko omkhulu. Kwezinye izimo, abasebenzisi babheka izinketho ezengeziwe njenge-Winboat ku-Linux lapho bedinga izixazululo ezithile. Kusindisa impilo yokugcina ithuluzi lakho lamathuluzi liphelele.
Ngasohlangothini lokudlala imidlalo, iqembu le-WINE + Lutris lithuthukise kakhulu ulwazi lwe-Linux. Akuzona zonke izinto ezizosebenza kahle, kodwa uhlu lwezihloko ezidlalwayo lukhula minyaka yonke, futhi ngehadiwe ehambisanayo, ukusebenza kungaba okungaphezu kokuhlonishwa. Emidlalweni engenazinkinga, le nhlanganisela isibe inketho okufanele uyikhethe.
Ukuphepha, ukuzinza, nomjikelezo wokubuyekeza
Yakhelwe ku-AlmaLinux, i-Oreon 10 izuza isiko lokuzinza elibeka phambili ukuthembeka kunezinto ezintsha. Lokhu kusho ukuphinda njalo, ukukhishwa okulondolozayo, kanye nengozi ephansi yokuvuselelwa okuvamile okuphula into ebalulekile. Ideskithophu ethembekile iyisisekelo somsebenzi wansuku zonke.
Ukuba yingxenye ye-ecosystem ye-Red Hat kusho ukufinyelela ezingxenyeni ezihloliwe, amathuluzi okuphatha avuthiwe, kanye nemibhalo ebanzi. Kunoma ubani ophethe amaqembu noma omane nje ebheka indawo ebikezelwayo, leli iphuzu lokuthengisa elihehayo kakhulu. Izimanga ezimbalwa, ukukhiqiza okwengeziwe.
Kuhlelo lweBusiness+, ukwesekwa kwe-Keylime kwenezela ungqimba lokuphepha olugxile ekuqinisekisweni okukude kanye nokuqinisekiswa kobuqotho, okuwusizo kakhulu kumadivayisi amaningi. Uma kuhlanganiswa neziqukathi (i-Docker noma i-Podman), kuhlanganisa izimo ezidlulela ngale kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zehhovisi. Ukuphepha akuyona into eyengeziwe; kwakhelwe ngaphakathi komklamo.
Ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo nokuzizwisa kwamahhala kwekhonsoli
Enye yezinzuzo ezisebenzayo ze-Oreon 10 ukuthi izinketho eziningi zokwenza ngokwezifiso ezibonakalayo nezokuziphatha ziphathwa ngqo kusuka ku-interface, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokusebenzisa imiyalo. Ungalungisa izingqikithi, izithonjana, izakhiwo zamaphaneli, noma izinqamuleli ngokuchofoza okumbalwa nje. Labo abavela ku-Windows bazokwazisa kakhulu lokhu.
Le ndlela iheha abasebenzisi abangafuni ukuchitha amahora amaningi befunda izincwadi zemiyalelo: izinto ezibalulekile zitholakala kalula, izinketho zicacile, futhi uhlelo alukuphoqeleli ukuthi ungene ku-terminal ukuze ulungise konke. Kodwa-ke, uma ufuna i-distro e-ultra-spartan ukuze ulungise yonke iphakheji ngesandla, lokhu kungase kunganeli. Yenzelwe ukwenza kube lula, hhayi ukwenza kube nzima.
Umphakathi, izinsiza kanye nokuthi ungayithola kuphi i-ISO
Indawo yonke ye-Linux inemiphakathi ekhuthele kakhulu lapho ungabelana khona ngezindaba, ufunde, futhi uthole impendulo yemibuzo yakho. Izikhala ezifana ne-r/Linux zibeka phambili izindaba nezibuyekezo ezivela ohlelweni lwe-ecosystem, kuyilapho ngokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe, imiphakathi efana ne-r/Linux4Noobs noma i-/linuxquestions iyanconywa, njengoba ihloselwe kakhulu ukuxazulula izinkinga zabaqalayo kanye nemibuzo ethile. Ukusebenzisa iforamu efanele kusheshisa kakhulu inqubo yokufunda.
Uma ukhangwa yizindlela ezingasetshenziswanga, kunomsebenzi othakazelisayo kumanethiwekhi afana neLemmy (isibonelo, ku-c/linux) kanye namapulatifomu afana neKbin (m/Linux), lapho ingxoxo imnandi khona futhi ukushintshana kweziqondiso, amathiphu, kanye nemibono kuhlala njalo. Uma uhileleka kakhulu, uzothuthuka ngokushesha.
Ukuze ulande i-Oreon 10, indlela enconywayo yiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yephrojekthi, lapho uzothola khona isithombe silungele ukudala idrayivu ye-USB ebhuthwayo. Kuhlala kungumkhuba omuhle ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho be-ISO ngaphambi kokuyifaka, futhi uma ufuna ukuyizama ngaphandle kwengozi, ungasebenzisa umshini obonakalayo noma imodi ebukhoma. Ukuzama kuqala bese unquma kamuva kuyisu elinengqondo.
Le phrojekthi ishintsha njalo, ngakho-ke izinguqulo zesilingo noma ze-beta zingase zivele; kungcono ukuzigcinela lezi zindawo ezingezona ezibucayi ngenkathi izinguquko ziqiniswa. Futhi uma ucabanga ukufuduka ngokuphelele, khumbula ukwenza ikhophi yedatha yakho, uhlele ukwahlukaniswa kwakho, bese unquma ukuthi ukuqalisa kabili noma ukuthutha okugcwele kufaneleka kangcono. Ngokusekelwa kwe-UEFI ne-NTFS, inqubo ayibuhlungu kangako kunangeminyaka edlule.
Izimo zokusebenzisa ezinconyiwe namaphrofayili
Uma une-PC endala ekhona, i-Oreon 10 ingaphefumula impilo entsha kuyo yokuphequlula, ukusebenza ngamadokhumenti, kanye ne-multimedia ngaphandle kokufaka noma yiluphi uhlobo lokucindezeleka ohlelweni lwakho. Izidingo zesistimu eziphansi ziyindlela eqondile kulabo abanqikaza ukuthuthukisa ihadiwe yabo ngemisebenzi eyisisekelo. Umoya wesibili wemishini yakudala.
Kubasebenzisi behhovisi noma amabhizinisi amancane, uhlelo lwe-Business+ olune-LibreOffice, Docker, kanye ne-Keylime lunikeza indawo yokuqala eqinile yemisebenzi yansuku zonke ngenkathi luvula neminyango yezimo zamakhonteyina kanye nokulawulwa kobuqotho lapho ibhizinisi likufuna. Isisekelo esiqinile esingaphuthi ngamakhono.
Uma ukuklama nokuzijabulisa kwedijithali kuyinto oyithandayo, uhlelo olujwayelekile lukugcinela izinyathelo zokusetha nokufaka: I-GIMP, i-Inkscape, ne-Lutris sezilungele ukusebenza ngokushesha. Hlanganisa lokhu nezindawo zokugcina ezinwetshiwe kanye ne-Flathub ongayikhetha ukuze uthole ulwazi olujulile ngempela. Ukulungele ukudala nokudlala ngaphandle kokuhlupheka.
Imininingwane esebenzayo eyenza umehluko
Ukufakwa kweFirefox kusukela ekuqaleni, kanye nokusekelwa kwe-EPEL kanye ne-RPM Fusion, kunciphisa isithiyo sokungena kwama-codec, abashayeli, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivame ukuba yisithiyo esikhulu kwezinye izabelo. Isikhathi esincane sokulungiselela, isikhathi esiningi sisebenzisa i-.
Iqiniso lokuthi i-UEFI kanye ne-NTFS zisekelwa ngokugcwele ligwema izinkinga ezivamile: ukufakwa kubushelelezi futhi ukufinyelela izingxenye ze-Windows kulula njengokuvula umphathi wefayela. Futhi uma kwenzeka udinga ukubuyela kumphathi wokuqala we-Windows boot, kuneziqondiso ezicacile zokwenza kanjalo ngaphandle kokuhlupheka. Ukuhlalisana kwezinhlelo zombili kusingathwa kahle.
Inketho yokunika amandla i-Flathub inikeza ukufinyelela okulula ezinguqulweni ezibuyekeziwe zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidumile, ezipakishiwe futhi ezilula ukuzinakekela, kuyilapho indawo yokugcina ye-RPM yendabuko iqinisekisa ukuzinza. Le ndlela ekabili ikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe ngokuya ngezinto eziza kuqala kuwe. Ukuguquguquka kokukhetha phakathi kokuzinza noma izici ezintsha.
Imikhawulo kanye namaqiniso alindelwe
Nakuba ukwesekwa kwehluzo nge-Nouveau, i-Intel, ne-AMD kubanzi, akuzona zonke izimo zemidlalo noma zokuhlela amavidiyo ezidingayo ezizosebenza kahle kwihadiwe encane; okulindelwe kufanele kulungiswe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-WINE ne-Lutris zithuthuke kakhulu, kodwa ezinye izihloko noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zisadinga ukulungiswa ngesandla noma azisebenzi kahle njengoba zenza endaweni yazo. Ukuthuthuka kuyabonakala, nakuba kungesimangaliso.
Ngokuphathelene nefilosofi, i-Oreon 10 ibeka phambili ukusebenziseka kalula; abasebenzisi abaningi abamsulwa noma abancane bangase bakhethe ukusatshalaliswa okulula kakhulu noma izindawo ezidinga ukucushwa ngesandla. Ngaleyo ndlela, iphrojekthi iqotho: ikusindisa umsebenzi, kodwa ayifisi ukuba yisisekelo esincane lapho uhlanganisa khona konke kuze kube semininingwaneni yokugcina. Umgomo wayo ukwenza lula, hhayi ukusungula kabusha isondo.
I-Oreon 10 igqame ngokuhlanganisa isisekelo sebhizinisi esizinze kakhulu, indawo yedeskithophu evamile yalabo abavela ku-Windows, izidingo zesistimu ezinesizotha, kanye nezinhlelo ezimbili ezibhekelela amaphrofayili abasebenzisi ahlukene ngaphandle kokuyinkimbinkimbi okungadingekile. Phakathi kokusekelwa kwe-UEFI ne-NTFS, amakhosholo e-EPEL kanye ne-RPM Fusion, inketho ye-Flathub, ukuhambisana kweWINE, kanye nokufakwa kwamaphakheji abalulekile njenge-GIMP, Inkscape, Lutris, LibreOffice, Docker, ne-Keylime, kunezizathu ezingaphezu kwenele zokuyibheka njengendawo yokungena emhlabeni we-Linux noma njengentuthuko yezinhlelo zesevisi ezifanele.
Uma ufuna induduzo nokuthembeka ngaphandle kokudela ukuguquguquka kweLinux, le distro inokuningi ongakunikeza. Yabelana ngalolu lwazi ukuze abanye bafunde nge-Oreon 10 nokuthi bayisebenzisa kanjani.