Cishe uke wezwa ukuthi umhlaba wezobuchwepheshe uthuthuka ngesivinini esikhulu, kodwa kukhona inqubo ethule eyenzekayo njengamanje engashiya abantu abaningi bedidekile: ukuvalwa kancane kancane kwamanethiwekhi e-2G kanye ne-3G . Kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile owathuthukisa ifoni yakhe eminyakeni embalwa edlule, lokhu kungase kubonakale njengomsindo okude, kodwa kulabo abaphatha ingqalasizinda yezobuchwepheshe noma amanethiwekhi omhlaba wonke amadivayisi axhunyiwe, iwashi lisondela kakhulu phakathi kwamabili.
Asikhulumi ngokuvuselelwa kwesofthiwe okulula, kodwa ngokuqedwa okungokoqobo kwama-antenna nama-frequency. Lesi simo, abanye abasiqhathanisa kakade nephutha langempela le-Y2000K , sisho ukuthi noma yimuphi umshini othembela kuphela kulezi zobuchwepheshe ezindala uzoyeka ukuxhumana nomhlaba wangaphandle, empeleni ube yiphepha elibizayo ngobusuku obubodwa.
Kungani kwathathwa isinqumo sokuvala la manethiwekhi?
Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi i-radio spectrum iyinsiza elinganiselwe futhi ebiza kakhulu. Abaqhubi abakwazi ukugcina ubuchwepheshe obungasebenzi kahle busebenza lapho ukuqaliswa kwe-5G ne-4G kudinga lawo ma-frequency band afanayo (njenge-900 ne-2.100 MHz) ukuze alethe isivinini esikhulu kanye nokumbozwa, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ukugcina ingqalasizinda ye-2G ne-3G kuyabiza, kudla amandla amaningi, futhi kusengozini enkulu ngokwezokuphepha kunezindinganiso zamanje.
Umthelela wangempela emkhakheni we-IoT kanye ne-M2M
Nakuba i-smartphone yesimanje isebenzisa izilimi eziningi futhi ixhuma cishe kunoma iyiphi inethiwekhi, amadivayisi e-Internet of Things (IoT) avame ukuba lukhuni kakhulu. Izindlela eziningi zokuxhumana zakuqala zomshini kuya komshini (M2M) zenzelwe ukusebenza kuphela nge-2G noma i-3G. Inkinga ukuthi la madivayisi anemijikelezo yempilo emide kakhulu; ukushintsha i-Kindle akufani nokushintsha izinkulungwane zamamitha kagesi ahlakaniphile noma izinzwa zezimboni ezifakwe ezindlini ezingaphansi komhlaba.
- Izinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezingcingo: Amadivayisi amaningi asebekhulile asasebenzisa i-2G ngenxa yobulula bayo.
- Ama-alamu asekhaya: Imishini emidala ekwazisa ukungena nge-SMS noma izingcingo eziyisisekelo.
- Amatheminali okukhokha ngekhadi: Ezindaweni ezikude, i-2G isalokhu iyindlela yokuphela kwendlela yokucubungula izinkokhelo.
Ikhanda elikhulu: ama-lifti kanye ne-eCall
Yilapho izinto ziba nzima khona. Emazweni afana neSpain neJalimane, inani elikhulu lama-lifti lithembele ku-2G ukuze lihambisane nemithethonqubo yokuxhumana ngezindlela ezimbili nezikhungo zokusindisa . Uma uhlelo lungakwazi ukuzihlola njalo emahoreni angu-72 ngoba inethiwekhi ayisebenzi, i-lifti ingasuswa ngokusemthethweni, okubeka ingozi enkulu. Eqinisweni, iSpain inezi -lifti eziningi ezifakiwe eYurophu , futhi ingxenye enkulu yazo ineminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili ubudala.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinohlelo lwe-eCall lwemoto. Okuphoqelekile e-EU kusukela ngo-2018, le divayisi ishayela ngokuzenzakalelayo izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo (112) uma kwenzeka ingozi. Inkinga ukuthi izimoto eziningi ezenziwe phakathi kuka-2022 no-2024 zisasebenzisa amamojula e-2G/3G kulezi zingcingo . Ukuze kuxazululwe lokhu, izinhlobo ezifana ne-CUPRA zisebenzisa izibuyekezo zasemoyeni (OTA) noma zithuthela ezinsizeni ze-eCall ezizimele, kodwa ezimotweni ezindala, ikhambi lingase lihilele ukushintshwa kwemojula yokuxhumana , okubiza kakhulu futhi okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Isimiso sokuvala ugesi: Kwenzeka nini endaweni ngayinye?
Ukuvalwa akufani; kufana kakhulu nokuhlangana. Amazwe afana ne -United States, iSwitzerland, i-Australia, neNetherlands asevele ethathe lesi sinyathelo futhi anqamula izingxenye ezinkulu zala manethiwekhi. E-European Union, umkhuba uwukuqala ngokuvala i-3G bese kushiya i-2G njengenethi yokuphepha yezinsizakalo ezibalulekile isikhathi eside.
- I-Spain: Kulindeleke ukuthi i-3G ikhishwe kancane kancane kuze kube ngu-2027, kanti i-2G ingahlala kuze kube ngu-2030 ukuvimbela ukuwa kwezinsizakalo ezibalulekile.
- I-Germany: I-3G yafa ngo-2021. I-2G ihlelelwe ukuvalwa okujwayelekile cishe ngo-2028, yize ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile zingase zihoxiswe kuze kube ngu-2031.
- Amanye amazwe: INorway neSweden bebe nolaka olukhulu, baqeda zombili lezi zobuchwepheshe ngasekupheleni kuka-2025.
Izixazululo zokugwema ukunqanyulwa
Uma uphatha ihadiwe, into yokuqala okufanele uyihlole ukuthi amadivayisi akho ayayisekela yini i-VoLTE (i-Voice over LTE) . Kukhona ugibe oluvamile: amadivayisi amaningi athi ayi-4G, kodwa asebenzisa i-4G kuphela ukuthola idatha futhi athembele ku-2G ukuthola izwi. Uma i-2G iphela, lawa madivayisi azolahlekelwa ikhono lokwenza izingcingo noma ngabe anesignali yedatha. Ukubheja okuphephile namuhla ukuthuthela kubuchwepheshe be -LPWAN njenge-NB-IoT (Narrowband IoT) noma i-LTE-M, obusebenzisa amandla amancane kakhulu futhi obunokumbozwa okumangalisayo kwangaphakathi.
Kumabhizinisi, ikhambi elifanele ukusebenzisa ama-SIM anobuchwepheshe obuningi avumela ukushintsha phakathi kwe-2G, 3G, kanye ne-4G kuye ngokutholakala kwezwe, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ihadiwe iyahambisana nezindinganiso ezintsha. Izibuyekezo ze-firmware noma ukushintshwa kwemodemu yizona kuphela izixazululo ezisebenzayo zokuvimbela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda ekubeni yinto ephelelwe yisikhathi kwezobuchwepheshe.
Ukushintshela kumanethiwekhi e-4G, 5G, kanye nanamandla aphansi akunakugwenywa ukuze kukhululwe ububanzi bomsakazo futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle okuphelele. Nakuba inqubo ihamba kancane futhi ihlukahluka ngokwendawo, ukuthembela kumanethiwekhi aphelelwe yisikhathi kubeka izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo kanye nezinqubo zezimboni engozini. Isihluthulelo sisekuhloleni ihadiwe yamanje kanye nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokufuduka ziye ku-VoLTE kanye ne-LPWAN ngaphambi kokuba ama-antenna amadala amiswe unomphela.