Iyini i-Active State Power Manager futhi ikuthinta kanjani ukusebenza?

Uma uke wabona into efana ne-"PCI Express Active-State Power Management (ASPM) ikhutshaziwe" embikweni wamandla we-Windows futhi washiywa ukhathazekile, ungakhathazeki: awuwedwa. Lobu buchwepheshe buzwakala bubuchwepheshe kakhulu, kodwa buncike kakhulu endleleni ikhompyutha yakho enquma ngayo ukulinganisela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokusebenza lapho amadivayisi e-PCI Express engasebenzi ngokugcwele.

Ukuqonda ukuthi iyini i-Active State Power Manager nokuthi ithinta kanjani ukusebenza kubalulekile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa i-laptop futhi ufuna ukwandisa impilo yebhethri, noma uphatha amaseva noma ama-PC anamandla futhi ukhathalela kakhulu ukuzinza nokusebenza okuphezulu kunokonga ama-watt ambalwa. Ake sikuchaze ngokucophelela, sikuxhumanise neminye imiqondo efana ne-PCIe, i-ACPI, izimo zamandla, i-BIOS/UEFI, kanye nezinketho zamandla ze-Windows ne-Linux.

Iyini i-Active State Power Management (ASPM) ku-PCI Express?

I-Active State Power Management (ASPM) iyindlela yokonga amandla eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kwe-PCI Express standard elawula ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwezixhumanisi ze-PCIe lapho amadivayisi axhunyiwe engathumeli idatha ngenkuthalo. Esikhundleni sokugcina isixhumanisi sisebenza ngokugcwele, i-ASPM ivumela isixhumanisi phakathi kwe-CPU noma i-chipset kanye nedivayisi ye-PCIe ukuthi singene ezimweni zamandla aphansi ngezikhathi zokungasebenzi.

Umqondo oyisisekelo ulula kakhulu: uma kungekho traffic yedatha, isixhumanisi "siyaphumula ," sidle amandla amancane futhi sikhiqize ukushisa okuncane. Lapho sidingeka futhi, isixhumanisi sibuyela esimweni saso sokusebenza. Lokhu kuguquka akunazindleko: kwenezela ukubambezeleka okuthile , futhi yilapho ibhalansi phakathi kokusebenza kahle ingena khona.

I-ASPM iqapha isimo samandla kuzo zombili iziphetho zesixhumanisi se-PCIe (isibonelo, isilawuli se-PCIe se-chipset kanye nekhadi lehluzo , noma isilawuli se-NVMe). Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukonga amandla kwenzeka hhayi kuphela ezingeni ledivayisi kodwa futhi nasesixhumini esingokoqobo ngokwaso (ungqimba lokuthutha lwe-PCIe), noma ngabe idivayisi ye-PCIe ihlala isesimweni samandla esisebenza ngokugcwele.

Ezinhlelweni ze-Linux, ukuziphatha komhlaba wonke kwe-ASPM kulawulwa kusukela kumojula ye-kernel ehambisana ne-PCIeKunepharamitha yemojuli evezwe kuyo /sys/module/pcie_aspm/parameters/policy lapho inqubomgomo ezosetshenziswa ichazwa khona. Ukwengeza, amapharamitha afana [nalokhu okulandelayo] angasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuqalisa i-kernel. pcie_aspm=off ukuyikhubaza emhlabeni jikelele noma pcie_aspm=force ukuphoqa i-ASPM ngisho nakumadivayisi okuthi, ngokombono, angayisekeli ngendlela efanele (into engabangela izinkinga ku-hardware eyinkinga).

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-ASPM, I-Link State Power Management kanye nezinketho zamandla kuWindows

Ku-Windows, okuvame ukuvela ezinkethweni zamandla njenge-"Link State Power Management" empeleni yindlela uhlelo lokusebenza oluveza futhi lulawula ngayo inqubomgomo ye-ASPM yezixhumanisi ze-PCIe ezihambisanayo.

Lesi silungiselelo sitholakala ngaphakathi kohlelo lwamandla , endleleni evamile: Izilungiselelo → Uhlelo → Amandla nokulala → Izilungiselelo zamandla ezengeziwe → Shintsha izilungiselelo zohlelo → Shintsha izilungiselelo zamandla ezithuthukisiwe. Ngaphakathi kwezinketho ezithuthukisiwe, ngaphansi kwe-“PCI Express”, uzothola “Ukuphathwa kwamandla kwe-Link-state”.

I-Windows ngokuvamile inikeza amazinga amathathu okuziphatha kwe-Link State Power Management , okuhambisana ngomqondo namazinga ahlukene okonga amandla kanye nokubambezeleka:

• Kwenziwe kungasebenziIsixhumanisi se-PCIe asifaki izifunda zokonga amandla; ukusebenza nokubambezeleka okuphansi kubekwa phambili.
• Ukonga amandla okumaphakathiUhlelo lusebenzisa ileveli emaphakathi yokonga amandla. Ukusetshenziswa kuncishisiwe ngandlela-thile, kodwa isikhathi sokubuyisela esimweni sokusetshenziswa okuphansi siyashesha uma kuqhathaniswa.
• Umkhawulo wokonga amandlaIsixhumanisi sivalwa ngamandla uma kungekho thrafikhi; ukusetshenziswa kwehla ngokuqhubekayo, kodwa isikhathi sokuvuka esivela kumbuso wamandla aphansi side.

Kukhompyutha ephathekayo, ukukhetha phakathi kwezilungiselelo eziphakathi nendawo neziphezulu kungenza umehluko omkhulu empilweni yebhethri , ikakhulukazi uma idivayisi ichitha isikhathi esiningi emisebenzini elula njengokuphequlula noma ukubuka amavidiyo. Kukhompyutha yedeskithophu noma yemidlalo, abasebenzisi abaningi bakhetha ukuyishiya ingasebenzi ukuze bagweme noma yikuphi ukubambezeleka okwengeziwe futhi bandise i-FPS ngayinye.

I-ASPM ikuthinta kanjani ukusebenza nempilo yebhethri

Umthelela osobala kakhulu we-ASPM ubonakala ezicini ezimbili: ukusebenza (ukubambezeleka) kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla . Lezi yizinhlangothi ezimbili zemali efanayo, futhi ukudlala ngezilungiselelo kusho ukubeka phambili eyodwa noma enye.

Uma i-ASPM ivuliwe futhi ngezindlela ezihlaselayo, uhlelo lunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuzixhumanisi ze-PCIe inqobo nje uma zingadlulisi idatha ngenkuthalo. Lokhu kuphawuleka kakhulu ku:

• AmaLaptops, encike emandleni ebhethri futhi yazisa wonke ama-watt alondoloziwe.
• Amasistimu anamadivayisi amaningi e-PCIe (amakhadi ezithombe, ama-NIC, izilawuli zesitoreji, njll.), lapho ukonga okuqoqiwe kungaba okuphawulekayo.
• Isikhungo sedatha esiminyene kakhulu nezindawo zesevalapho ama-watts ambalwa esikalini seseva ngayinye ukuya kuzibalo ezinkulu endaweni yokubeka noma ileveli yesikhungo sedatha.

Ukushintshana yi-latency eyethulwa lapho kushintshwa kusuka esimweni samandla aphansi kuya esimweni esisebenzayo . Ekusetshenzisweni okuvamile (izinhlelo zokusebenza zehhovisi, ukuphequlula, ukudlala kwe-multimedia), lokhu kubambezeleka kuvame ukungabonakali kumsebenzisi. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezidinga kakhulu—imidlalo, ukubambezeleka kwenethiwekhi okuphansi, imithwalo yesitoreji esinzima—kungaba nomphumela omncane, nakuba ngokuvamile omncane.

Ezinye izilinganiso nezifundo zikhulume ngokusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa kwebhasi le-PCIe okufika ku-20% ngokuphathwa okufanele kwe-ASPM . Lokhu akusho ukuthi ikhompyutha yakho izosebenza ngokushesha ngo-20%, kodwa kunalokho ukuthi ingasebenzisa amandla amancane futhi ikhiqize ukushisa okuncane ngomthwalo womsebenzi ofanayo, okuzuzisa kakhulu ama-laptop namadivayisi eselula.

Ku-Windows, kuvamile kumathuluzi afana powercfg -energy bonisa amaphutha ahlobene ne-ASPM yohlobo: “I-PCI Express Active-State Power Management (ASPM) ikhutshaziwe ngenxa yokungahambelani nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zale khompyutha.” Kulezi zimo, iWindows inqume ukuvimba i-ASPM ngezizathu zokuphepha, ngoba iyazi ukuthi ingxenye ethile ayiphathi kahle futhi ingabangela ukuphahlazeka, ukunqanyulwa kwedivayisi, noma ukungazinzi.

Izinkinga ezijwayelekile: Amaphutha e-ASPM, amabhethri, nokuhambisana kwehadiwe

Abasebenzisi abaningi bahlangana okokuqala ne-ASPM lapho behlola izinkinga zebhethri noma ukuxilongwa kwamandla , ikakhulukazi kuma-laptop anamandla anama-CPU esimanje nama-GPU azinikele (isb., izinhlelo ze-Intel Core i9 zesizukulwane se-12 kanye nezithombe ze-RTX eziphezulu).

Isibonelo esijwayelekile ilaptop entsha ibhethri layo elihlala ngaphansi kakhulu kunokulindelekile. (Amahora angu-2-2,5 ekusetshenzisweni okulula uma kuqhathaniswa namahora angu-5-6 abikwe abanye abasebenzisi). Lapho ukhiqiza umbiko nge powercfg -energy Ku-Windows, amaphutha anjengalawa alandelayo avela:

• “Amakhono okuphatha amandla enkundla: I-PCI Express Active-State Power Management (ASPM) ikhutshaziwe. I-ASPM ikhutshaziwe ngenxa yokungahambelani okwaziwayo nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zale khompyutha.”
• Izixwayiso mayelana amadivaysi e-usb ezingafaki ukumiswa okwesikhashana okukhethiwe (isibonelo, amadivayisi anama-ID athile e-USB), okwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okulindile.

Kulezi zimo, akuyona njalo iphutha leprosesa . Ngokuvamile kuba yinhlanganisela yalokhu:

• Ukwakhiwa kwemishini (i-motherboard, i-BIOS/UEFI, ukuthi umenzi uwasebenzisa kanjani amatafula e-ACPI nokusekelwa kwe-ASPM).
• Abashayeli bedivayisi (i-GPU, i-NIC, isitoreji, i-USB) engasebenzisi ngokugcwele noma ngendlela efanele i-ASPM.
• Imishini yangaphandle ye-USB okuvimbela ukumiswa okukhethiwe noma ukugcina isistimu isebenza kakhulu kunokufiseleka.

Empeleni, lapho iWindows ibika ukuthi i-ASPM ikhutshaziwe ngenxa yokungavumelani , ukuyiphinda uyivule ngaphandle kwengozi akuvamile ukuba inketho elula. Ukuyiphoqa ngokusebenzisa ama-hacks noma abashayeli abaguquliwe kungabangela, isibonelo, ikhadi lenethiwekhi ukuthi lingasabeli kuze kube yilapho uqala kabusha.

Ukukhipha izinkinga zesofthiwe kuphela ku-Windows, ezinye izinyathelo eziyisisekelo ngokuvamile ziyanconywa.Qalisa isixazululi samandla, Buyekeza iWindows nabashayelifuthi kwezinye izimo wenze ukuhlola ifayela lesistimu nge I-SFC (sfc /scannow) kanye nezinsiza ze-DISM (DISM.exe /Online /Cleanup-image /Scanhealth y /RestorehealthUma ngemuva kwakho konke lokho umbiko usakhombisa i-ASPM ikhutshaziwe yihadiwe, kungenzeka kube umkhawulo wemishini uqobo noma i-firmware yayo.

I-ASPM kumaseva kanye nemishini engu-24/7: Kuyafaneleka?

Ezweni lamaseva angu-24/7, i-ASPM idala impikiswano enkulu . Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukonga amandla kuzixhumanisi ze-PCIe kubonakala kungumqondo omuhle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, noma yikuphi ukusikisela kokungazinzi noma ukulahleka kwephakethe akwamukeleki.

Isibonelo esivamile yileso samakhadi athile enethiwekhi e-Intel (njenge-82574L) anephutha lehadiwe elibhalwe kahle: ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ukudluliselwa kwephakethe kuyama bese kuqala kabusha kuphela ngemva kokuqalisa kabusha. Enye indlela yokunciphisa le nkinga kube ukukhubaza i-ASPM yaleyo divayisi noma ngisho emhlabeni jikelele.

Ku-Linux kunezindlela eziningana zokusingatha la macala kuseva :

• Khubaza i-ASPM emhlabeni jikelele ngepharamitha ye-kernel boot pcie_aspm=offKuyisixazululo esisebenza kahle kakhulu, esisebenza kuwo wonke amadivaysi, ngezindleko zokuyeka ngokuphelele lokhu konga amandla.
• Sebenzisa umshayeli onezichibiyelo (isibonelo, inguqulo elungisiwe ye e1000e (ye-Intel NICs) ekhubaza i-ASPM noma iziba izimo ezithile eziyinkinga kudivayisi ethintekile kuphela.
• Shintsha izingcezu ze-ASPM zedivayisi ethile ngamathuluzi afana setpci, ukulungisa ukuziphatha ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngaphandle kokuthinta yonke isistimu (yize izinguquko ngokuvamile zilahleka ngemva kokuqaliswa kabusha uma zingenziwanga ngokuzenzakalelayo).

Umbuzo oyinhloko weseva ukuthi ingabe ukonga amandla kwe-ASPM kudlula yini ingozi nobunzima . Ezindaweni eziningi zokukhiqiza ezibalulekile, ukuzinza nokubikezela kubaluleke kakhulu. Yingakho kuvamile ukubona i-ASPM ikhutshaziwe ku-BIOS noma ku-kernel emishinini esetshenziselwa izizindalwazi, i-virtualization ejulile, noma izinsizakalo zenethiwekhi ezingakwazi ukukhokhela isikhathi sokungasebenzi.

Nokho, i-ASPM ingasetshenziswa nakwamanye amadivayisi eseva , njengamakhadi e-PCIe RAID noma abalawuli be-NVMe. Uma i-firmware kanye nabashayeli beklanywe kahle, ukonga amandla kungatholakala ngaphandle kokuthinta ukutholakala, yize inzuzo yangempela incike kakhulu ekutheni la madivayisi anezinkathi ezibalulekile zokungasebenzi noma angaphansi komthwalo oqhubekayo.

I-ASPM, i-ACPI kanye nezimo zamandla ezihlukene zohlelo

Ukuze siqonde ukuthi i-ASPM ingena kuphi "kumephu" yokuphathwa kwamandla, sidinga ukukhuluma nge-ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface). I-ACPI indinganiso eyathatha indawo ye-APM endala futhi ichaza indlela i-firmware (BIOS/UEFI) kanye nesistimu yokusebenza ezixhumana ngayo ukuphatha amandla, ukuphazamiseka, izimo zokulala, isabelo se-IRQ, nokunye okuningi.

I-ACPI iyisici esibalulekile cishe kuzo zonke ihadiwe yesimanje, hhayi nje i-x86 . Yaqala nge-Intel, i-Microsoft, ne-Toshiba ngawo-90, kodwa eminyakeni edlule isakazekele nasezindaweni zokwakha ezifana ne-ARM, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yeseva kanye ne-HPC, lapho izingxenye eziningi ezivela ku-ecosystem ye-x86 (i-UEFI, ama-GPU, njll.) zisetshenziswa kabusha.

Naphezu kokuba indinganiso eyamukelwa kabanzi, i-ACPI ithole ukugxekwa okukhulu . Amazwi avelele embonini, njengomsunguli we-Canonical uMark Shuttleworth, aveze ukuthi i-firmware evaliwe (kufaka phakathi ukuqaliswa kwe-ACPI) iyindlela efanelekile yokukhubazeka kokuphepha kanye neminyango engase ibe khona. Kuye kwatholakala amacala lapho abakhiqizi abanjengoLenovo ne-Samsung basebenzisa amatafula athile e-Windows ACPI (isibonelo, ithebula le-WPBT) ukufaka isofthiwe engabaza noma, ngokwethiyori, bangasiza ukufakwa kwama-rootkit aqhubekayo.

Ngaphakathi kwendawo yonke ye-ACPI, sithola izinhlobo eziningana zezimo zamandla ezithinta lonke uhlelo, amadivayisi athile, kanye neprosesa. I-ASPM ihlobene kakhulu nengxenye yesixhumanisi se-PCIe, kodwa ihambisana nawo wonke la mazinga:

I-Global States of the System (G States)

Amazwe omhlaba wonke achaza izinga lomsebenzi weqembu lonke futhi amelelwa yizinhlanganisela ze-Gx/Sx:

• G0/S0Isistimu isebenza ngokujwayelekile.
• G1 (izindlela zokumisa), nazo zihlukaniswe zibe:
  • G1/S1Ukumiswa okukhanyayo; I-CPU nezinqolobane zihlala zinamandla.
  • G1/S2I-CPU iyavaleka futhi idatha ilahleka kumarejista ayo, kodwa ingxenye yesistimu isala inamandla.
  • G1/S3: "misa okwesikhashana ku-RAM"; isistimu ibonakala icishiwe, kodwa i-RAM iyaqhubeka nokunikwa amandla ukuze igcine isimo.
  • G1/S4: ukulala ubuthongo; okuqukethwe kwe-RAM kulahlwa endaweni yokugcina futhi i-RAM ingacishwa.
• G2/S5: ukuvala shaqa okuthambile; isistimu ivaliwe, kodwa kunamandla amancane okuvumela amandla-up ngomcimbi (ikhibhodi, inethiwekhi, njll.).
• G3: ukuvala shaqa okuphelele; akukho ukunikezwa kwamandla ngaphandle kwezingxenye ezincane ezifana newashi lesikhathi sangempela elixhaswe yibhethri.

I-ASPM ibaluleke kakhulu uma siku-G0/S0 , ​​​​okungukuthi, uhlelo luvuliwe futhi lusebenza. Yilapho izixhumanisi ze-PCIe zingashintsha khona zisuka ezimweni ezisebenzayo ziye ezimweni zamandla aphansi ngaphandle kokuthi uhlelo lulale ngokuphelele.

Izimo zedivayisi (D States) kanye nezimo ze-processor (C States)

Ngaphezu kwezimo zomhlaba wonke, i-ACPI ichaza izimo zamandla ezingeni ledivayisi , ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-D States:

• D0: idivayisi ivuliwe futhi isebenza 100%.
• I-D1 kanye ne-D2: izifunda ezimaphakathi ezihluka ngokuya ngedivayisi; zonga amandla athile kodwa zigcina ukusabela okuthile.
• D3: ihlukaniswe ngokuthi "kushisa" kanye "nokubandayo", kuye ngokuthi igcina amandla asizayo noma cha; ingase iyeke ukuphendula ibhasi ngokuphelele.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaprosesa anezimo zawo ze-C , ezilawula ukuthi i-CPU "iphumula" kangakanani uma kungekho msebenzi okufanele wenziwe. Ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi:

• C0: I-kernel isebenzisa ikhodi.
• C1/C1E: isimo "sokumisa"; i-kernel ayisebenzisi imiyalo kodwa ingabuyela ku-C0 cishe ngaso leso sikhathi. Okuhlukile kwe-C1E kwengeza okunye ukuthuthukiswa okonga amandla.
• C2: "iwashi lokumisa"; iwashi eliwumgogodla limisiwe, kuthatha isikhashana ukubuyela ku-C0.
• C3 kanye nezimo ezijulile (i-C4-C10 kuma-CPU esimanje): ama-caches ayachithwa, amawashi angaphakathi ayacishwa futhi kwezinye izimo umnyombo uyacishwa, ogcina isimo sawo ezinkumbulo ezizinikezele (ngokwesibonelo, i-C6 ilondoloza isimo ku-SRAM ngomongo ku-0 V).

Ukushintsha phakathi kwalezi zimo kubangelwa yimiyalelo enelungelo njenge-HLT noma i-MWAIT , ephethwe uhlelo lokusebenza kanye nabalawuli bamandla. Ukuphazamiseka kwehadiwe kubangela ukuthi i-core ishintshele ku-C0 ngokushesha ukuze iyiphathe, kanti abanye abaprosesa banamuhla baze baqondise kabusha ukuphazamiseka kuma-core asebenzayo kakade ukuze bagweme ukuvusa amanye ama-core angasebenzi ngokungadingekile.

Izimo zokusebenza kweprosesa (P States)

Ama-P States agxila ekusebenzeni kwe-CPU core . Avumela ukulungiswa okuguquguqukayo kwemvamisa kanye ne-voltage yeprosesa, onge amandla lapho amandla aphezulu engadingeki futhi andise isivinini sewashi uma kudingeka.

Ama-P States ngokuvamile amelelwa njenge-P0, P1, P2, … lapho i-P0 iyisimo semvamisa ephezulu kanye ne-voltage, kanti izimo ezilandelayo zimele ukusetshenziswa kwemvamisa ephansi kanye namandla. Ubuchwepheshe obufana ne -Intel SpeedStep, i-AMD PowerNow!, i-VIA's PowerSaver, kanye nezindlela ze-Turbo buthembele kulezi zimo ukukhulisa imvamisa ngokusekelwe kumthwalo kanye nemikhawulo efana ne-TDP (PL1, PL2, njll.).

Ku-Linux, lezi zindlela zilawulwa amasistimu angaphansi afana nala cpufreq y cpuidleKungenzeka ukuhlola i-frequency governor esebenzayo ngemiyalo efana ne cpupower frequency-info noma ubuyekeza amafayela ku /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/, lapho ulwazi olufana nefrikhwensi yamanje, amafrikhwensi aphezulu nobuncane, kanye nababusi abatholakalayo kuboniswa (ukusebenza, gcina amandla, efunwa kakhulu, Okuqaphelenjll.) futhi umshayeli wasebenzisa.

Nakuba konke lokhu kungase kubonakale kungahlobene ne-ASPM, empeleni kuyingxenye ye-ACPI ecosystem efanayo : izendlalelo ezahlukene kanye nezindlela ezisebenzisanayo ukulungisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokusebenza kwama-CPU, amadivayisi, kanye nezixhumanisi zesistimu, kufaka phakathi i-PCIe.

Ukuqaliswa okusebenzayo kwe-ASPM: BIOS/UEFI, uhlelo lokusebenza nabashayeli

Ukuze i-ASPM isebenze kahle, kudingeka ukubambisana kwabadlali abathathu abaphambili : i-firmware ye-motherboard (BIOS/UEFI), uhlelo lokusebenza, kanye nabashayeli bedivayisi ye-PCIe.

I-BIOS/UEFI ngokuvamile ifaka izinketho ezithile ze-ASPM noma ze-Link State Power Management ezikuvumela ukuthi unike amandla, ukhubaze, noma ukhethe izindlela ezithile (isb., ama-L0, i-L1, i-Auto, i-Off). Kubalulekile ukuthi i-firmware isebenzise kahle amathebula e-ACPI futhi ichaze ngokunembile ukuthi idivayisi ngayinye kanye nesixhumanisi se-PCIe sisekela ini.

Isistimu yokusebenza (i-Windows, Linux, njll.) ifunda lolo lwazi ku-ACPI futhi inquma ukuthi yiziphi izinqubomgomo okufanele zisetshenziswe.Ku-Linux, njengoba kushiwo, i-ASPM ingaphoqelelwa noma ikhutshazwe kusetshenziswa imingcele ye-kernel noma ngefayela lenqubomgomo lemojuli. pcie_aspmKu-Windows, ukuphathwa kufakwe ohlelweni lwamandla nasezinkethweni ze-“PCI Express → Ukuphathwa kwamandla we-Link-state”.

Abashayeli bedivayisi ye-PCIe nabo badlala indima ebalulekile . Ukuze bazuze ku-ASPM ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kumele:

• Memezela kahle amandla edivayisi okonga amandla (ithi isekela ini, yikuphi ukulibaziseka okwamukelekayo, njll.).
• Phatha kahle izinguquko zesimoukuvimbela idivayisi ukuthi "iqhwa" noma ithathe isikhathi eside ukuphendula uma iphuma esimweni samandla aphansi.
• Ukuhlala usesikhathini samanjeLokhu kungenxa yokuthi abakhiqizi abaningi balungisa amaphutha e-ASPM futhi bandise ukusetshenziswa ngomshayeli noma izibuyekezo ze-firmware.

Kwezinye izimo, abakhiqizi bakhiphe abashayeli abaguquliwe ukuze bakhubaze i-ASPM kumamodeli ayinkinga.ukubheka “njengesixazululo” se-pragmatic ku-hardware bugs. Kunjalo ngama-Intel NIC athile ku-Linux, lapho izinguqulo ezicishiwe ze e1000e I-ASPM ivaliwe ukuze kugwenywe inkinga yokulahleka kokudlulisela.

Kubasebenzisi bokugcina, isincomo esijwayelekile ukuthi ungaphoqeleli i-ASPM ngesandla ku-BIOS noma ohlelweni lokusebenza ngaphandle kokuthi uyiqonda kahle ihadiwe noma kunesiqondiso esicacile esivela kumenzi. Uma umbiko we-Windows uthi i-ASPM ikhutshaziwe ngenxa yokungahambelani, kusho ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza seluvele lunqume ukuthi ingozi idlula inzuzo.

I-ASPM ingenye ingxenye yephazili yokuphathwa kwamandla yesimanje , ehlobene kakhulu ne-ACPI, izimo zamandla omhlaba wonke, izimo zamandla edivayisi, kanye nezimo zamandla e-CPU. Uma isetshenziswa kahle, iyasiza ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokushisa ngaphandle kokuthi uqaphele; uma isetshenziswa kabi, ingabangela noma yini kusukela ezinkingeni ezincane zokubambezeleka kuya ekushayweni kwedivayisi nezinkinga zenethiwekhi okunzima kakhulu ukuzixilonga.

Ukuqonda ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi ihlelwe kuphi kukuvumela ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi oluthe xaxa : kusukela ekukhetheni imodi efanele ye-"Link State Power Management" kukhompyutha yakho ephathekayo ukuze wonge impilo yebhethri, kuya ekunqumeni ukuthi kuseva ebaluleke kakhulu yini ukuthi kufanele yini ukudela ama-watts ambalwa bese ukhubaza i-ASPM ukuze uthole ukuzinza okuqinile.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Indlela Yokunciphisa I-Input Lag in Windows 11: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele, Osebenzayo