Uma ikhompyutha yakho iqala ukungindizela, kuvela izikrini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma ingxenye ethile ingasebenzi kahle ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi kufanele balungise iWindows futhi baqale kusukela ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, inkinga itholakala kumshayeli oyedwa noma ngaphezulu ophikisanayo, futhi kungenzeka ngokuphelele ukuyilungisa ngaphandle kokususa noma yini ohlelweni noma ukulahlekelwa idatha yakho.
Abakhiqizi be-Microsoft kanye ne-hardware banikeza amathuluzi amaningi—amanye atholakala kalula, amanye alula kakhulu—okuthola , ukulungisa, ukukhipha, nokufaka kabusha abashayeli abanenkinga ngaphandle kokufaka kabusha i-Windows ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, kuyalulekwa ukuthi uqaphele: ukuguqula abashayeli besistimu ngaphandle kokuqonda ngokugcwele imiphumela kungalimaza kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-PC yakho, ngakho-ke kuwukuhlakanipha ukulandela indlela ehlelekile futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuphepha eziyisisekelo.
Bayini abashayeli futhi kungani bengadala izinkinga ezingaka?
Kunoma iyiphi i-PC yesimanje, abashayeli bayizinhlelo ezincane ezivumela i-Windows ukuthi ixhumane nehadiwe : ikhadi lehluzo, ikhadi lenethiwekhi, umsindo, i-USB, i-chipset, amaphrinta , isitoreji, njll. Ngaphandle kwabo, uhlelo lokusebenza belungeke lukwazi ukuthi yimaphi amadivayisi axhunyiwe noma ukuthi asetshenziswa kanjani.
Umshayeli ngamunye uhlanganisa ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana namakhono edivayisi, indlela yokuyifinyelela, nokuthi kufanele isebenze kanjani. Ngakho-ke, umshayeli owonakele, ongahambisani, noma ongahlelwanga kahle angabangela noma yini kusukela kumaphutha amancane (ukusika komsindo, ukunqamuka kwenethiwekhi) kuya ekushayweni okuphelele kwesistimu, izikrini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma izinkinga zokuqalisa ikhompyutha.
Akuwona wonke abashayeli abaluleke ngokulinganayo. I-Chipset, isitoreji (SATA/NVMe), ihluzo, kanye nabashayeli benethiwekhi kubaluleke kakhulu: uma isibuyekezo singahambi kahle, ungagcina ulahlekelwe idatha, uhlelo lwe-Windows olungeke luqale, noma amaphutha amaningi angahleliwe okunzima kakhulu ukuwaxilonga.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abashayeli abaningi ababalulekile bathola ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kanye nama-patches okuphepha. Ukubashiya bengathintekile iminyaka kusho ukuhlala nobuthakathaka obuvulekile, ukusebenza okubi kakhulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu kunokwesidingo. Isihluthulelo ukulinganisela: ukubuyekeza uma kudingeka, kodwa ukwazi ukuthi ungabuyela kanjani emuva uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, ukugwema abashayeli abajwayelekile abangahleliwe kanye nokugwema imithombo engathembekile, kanye nokuqinisekisa izitifiketi zomshayeli kanye namasignesha.
Izinyathelo zokuphepha ngaphambi kokuphazamisa abalawuli
Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukukhipha abashayeli ngokunganaki, kubalulekile ukulungiselela inethi encane yokuphepha. Ukubona kusengaphambili kungakongela amahora amaningi okukhungatheka kanye nokufometha okungadingekile.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukudala i -System Restore Point . Lesi sici se-Windows esakhelwe ngaphakathi sikuvumela ukuthi ubuyisele uhlelo lwakho esimweni sangaphambilini ngaphandle kokuthinta amadokhumenti akho. Uma umshayeli omusha evimbela uhlelo lwakho ukuthi luqale noma enze i-Windows ingazinzile, ungabuyela esimweni sangaphambilini ngokuchofoza okumbalwa nje.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlale kungumqondo omuhle ukugcina ikhophi yamuva yedatha yakho ebalulekile (amadokhumenti, izithombe, amaphrojekthi, njll.), okungcono kwenye idrayivu, idrayivu ye-USB, noma efwini. Isilawuli sesitoreji esinephutha singabangela amaphutha ohlelweni lwefayela, ngakho-ke kungcono ukungathathi amathuba.
Uma uzoshintsha abashayeli ababucayi (isilawuli se-SATA/NVMe, abashayeli be-chipset, noma abashayeli be-GPU), kungumqondo omuhle kakhulu ukuqaphela inguqulo nosuku lomshayeli wamanje . Ngale ndlela, uma inguqulo entsha isebenza kabi noma ibangela amaphutha, ungasesha leyo nguqulo endala ngqo kuwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi.
Okokugcina, uma uzosebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zezinkampani zangaphandle ukuphatha abashayeli, jwayela ukulayisha njalo kumawebhusayithi asemthethweni noma kumaphrojekthi athembekile . Kunezifaki eziningi ezifakwe i-adware noma isofthiwe ye-junk ezifihliwe njenge-"driver updaters" ezinikeza usizo oluncane noma olungenalusizo nhlobo.
Imiqondo eyisisekelo: izinhlobo zabashayeli ku-Windows
Ku-Windows, singakhuluma, kalula, ngemindeni emibili eyinhloko yabashayeli: abashayeli be-kernel-mode kanye nabashayeli be-user-mode . Ukuqonda lo mehluko kukusiza ukuthi uhlole umthelela wokwehluleka kanye nokuhlolwa komshayeli wokuklama.
Abashayeli be -Kernel-mode basebenza ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu futhi banokufinyelela okuqondile kuhadiwe yesistimu ebalulekile kanye nezinsiza: I/O, inkumbulo, izinqubo, ukuphepha, njll. Izibonelo zifaka abashayeli bamakhadi wehluzo, umsindo, inethiwekhi, amadiski, njalo njalo. Iphutha kwelinye lalawa lingabangela ukuphahlazeka kwesistimu ephelele, izikrini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma ama-boot loops.
Laba bashayeli bavame ukuhlelwa ngezendlalelo (amazinga aphezulu, aphakathi naphansi), lapho abashayeli beleveli engezansi bexhumana ngqo nedivayisi ebonakalayo kanti abashayeli beleveli ephezulu basebenza "njengabahumushi" noma izihlungi zezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Abashayeli bemodi yomsebenzisi basebenza endaweni engenamalungelo amaningi. Ngokuvamile bahlinzeka ngoxhumano phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza nabashayeli be-kernel noma izinsizakalo zesistimu. Uma behluleka, uhlelo lokusebenza oluthile luvame ukuphahlazeka noma ukwehluleka, kodwa akufanele luwise lonke uhlelo . Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zifaka izingxenye zokuphrinta, izinsiza eziqondene nedivayisi, noma izendlalelo eziphakathi zokuxhumana nezingxenye ezisetshenziswayo.
Indlela yokuthola abashayeli abanenkinga usebenzisa i-Device Manager
Indawo yokuqala yokuxilonga okuyisisekelo yi- Windows Device Manager , ikhonsoli yakudala lapho zonke izingxenye kanye nabashayeli abahlobene nazo kubhalwe khona.
Ukuze uyivule, ungachofoza kwesokudla inkinobho ethi Qala bese ukhetha "Umphathi Wedivayisi" noma usebenzise isinqamuleli se-Windows + X bese uyikhetha kumenyu. Ungayithola futhi kusuka ku-"Le PC" → chofoza kwesokudla → "Phatha".
Uzobona uhlu lwezigaba (ama-adaptha okubonisa, abalawuli benethiwekhi, i-Bluetooth, umsindo, njll.). Uma idivayisi inezinkinga, ivame ukuvela nesithonjana sesixwayiso esiphuzi . Ukuchofoza kabili kuyo kuvula iwindi le-Properties.
Kuthebhu ethi "Okujwayelekile", ungabona ukuthi idivayisi "isebenza kahle" noma ukuthi ibonisa ikhodi yephutha ethile , enikeza izinkomba mayelana nohlobo lokungqubuzana. Ithebhu ethi "Umshayeli" iqukethe izinketho ezibalulekile:
- Imininingwane yomshayeli: uhlu lwamafayela akha umshayeli nendawo akuyo.
- Vuselela Ukushayela: ikuvumela ukuthi useshe izinguqulo ezintsha usebenzisa i-Windows Update noma ucacise ifolda lapho unedrayivu elandiwe khona.
- Buyela kusilawuli esedlule: kubalulekile uma isiqalile ukwehluleka ngemva kokubuyekezwa; ibuyisela inguqulo yangaphambilini (uma iWindows iyigcina).
- Khubaza idivaysi: icisha idivayisi ngaphandle kokususa umshayeli, okuwusizo kakhulu ekuhlolweni.
- Khipha idivaysi: isusa umshayeli kanye nereferensi yakhe; uma iqala kabusha, iWindows izozama ukufaka kabusha umshayeli ohambisanayo.
Uma usola ukuthi ingxenye ethile ibangela ukuphahlazeka, ungayikhubaza okwesikhashana bese ubona ukuthi uhlelo luzinzile yini. Futhi uma udinga "ukuqala kusukela ekuqaleni" ngaleyo hardware, inketho yokukhipha nokuqala kabusha ivame ukwenza iWindows ilayishe umshayeli ojwayelekile noma ilande ofanele kumaseva ayo.
Buka wonke abashayeli abafakiwe usebenzisa i-CMD, i-PowerShell, kanye ne-msinfo32
I-Device Manager ilungele ukudlula ingxenye ngayinye ngayinye, kodwa ayisebenzi uma ufuna umbono ophelele wakho konke okufakiwe, okuhlanganisa nabashayeli abangasebenzi okwamanje. Yilapho-ke i-command prompt, i-PowerShell, kanye nethuluzi le-msinfo32 lingena khona.
Kusuka ku-Command Prompt (cmd), sebenzisa umyalo indawo yokushayela Ukuze uthole uhlu oluphelele lwabashayeli abalayishiwe nabalayishiwe. Uma usebenzisa driverquery /v Uzobona ulwazi olwandisiwe, njengokusetshenziswa kwememori, usuku lokwakha, kanye nesimo, okukusiza ukuthi uthole abashayeli abadala kakhulu noma abashayeli abasebenzisa izinsiza ngokweqile.
Uma unesifiso sokuhlunga kuphela lezo ezisayinwe ngedijithali, ungasebenzisa driverquery /si. Futhi nge driverquery /? Uthola usizo lokuhlanganisa amapharamitha njengoba ubona kufanele.
Ku-PowerShell, umyalo owusizo kakhulu uthi:
Get-WmiObject Win32_PnPSignedDriver | select DeviceName, Manufacturer, DriverVersion
Lokhu kukunikeza uhlu lwamadivayisi, abakhiqizi, kanye nezinguqulo zomshayeli. Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu uma ufuna ukukopisha umphumela ku-Excel bese uwuqhathanisa nezinguqulo ezitholakala kuwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi , isibonelo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nge-Windows + R → msinfo32 Ufinyelela ithuluzi Lolwazi Lwesistimu. Lapho unesihlahla sengxenye esinemininingwane eminingi yehadiwe kanye nedatha yomshayeli. Kuyisiphithiphithi kakhulu kune-Device Manager, kodwa kukunikeza Ukuhlaziywa okujulile kwe-PC kanye nabashayeli bayo.
Sula i-Windows Update cache uma isebenzisa umshayeli onephutha njalo
Ngokuvamile inkinga akuyona kakhulu idrayivu uqobo lwayo, kodwa kunalokho ukuthi i-Windows Update iqhubeka nokulanda inguqulo ephikisanayo futhi iyifake kabusha ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ukuze uqede lo mjikelezo, kungcono ukusetha kabusha izingxenye zokubuyekeza.
Vula umyalo osheshayo njengomlawuli (Qala → chofoza kwesokudla → I-Terminal/PowerShell (Administrator) noma i-Command Prompt (Administrator)). Bese umisa izinsizakalo ezihilelekile kule miyalo, ngayinye ngayinye:
net stop wuauserv
net stop cryptSvc
net stop bits
net stop msiserver
Bese uqamba kabusha amafolda e-cache ukuze i-Windows iwavuselele:
ren %systemroot%\System32\Catroot2 Catroot2.old
ren %systemroot%\SoftwareDistribution SoftwareDistribution.old
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimaphi amaphutha, phinda inqubo noma uqhubeke; into ebalulekile ukuthi lawo mafolda e-cache aphoqelekile ukuthi aphinde adalwe. Bese uqala kabusha izinsizakalo.
net start wuauserv
net start cryptSvc
net start bits
net start msiserver
Vala ifasitela, susa amafayela esikhashana nge-Windows + R → temp y %temp%futhi uma ifayela likhona ilindile.xml en %windir%\WinSxSYisuse. Ngemva kokuqala kabusha, i-Windows Update izophinda idale i-cache yayo futhi ivame ukuyeka. ukuphoqelela ukufakwa okuyinkinga yabashayeli abathile.
Landa futhi ufake abashayeli be-OEM vs. abashayeli abajwayelekile
Iphutha elivame kakhulu ukucabanga ukuthi kungcono njalo ukufaka umshayeli wakamuva ojwayelekile ovela ku-Intel, AMD, noma i-NVIDIA . Kuma-laptop amaningi, ama-PC amancane, namadivayisi afana nama-consoles aphathwayo anehadiwe ye-PC, umenzi (i-MSI, i-Dell, i-HP, njll.) ukhipha abashayeli abafanelana naleyo modeli ethile.
Uma, isibonelo, wenze "ukufakwa okuhlanzekile" kwedrayivu yehluzo ye-Intel futhi walahlekelwa ukulungiswa kwe-OEM ethile (njengakwamanye amakhompyutha e-MSI), inkambo engcono kakhulu yokwenza ukubuyela ekhasini lokusekela lomkhiqizi, uthole imodeli yakho eqondile, bese ulanda iphakheji yomshayeli abayinikezayo yenguqulo yakho ye-Windows.
Ukuze uthole imodeli eqondile, ungasebenzisa izindlela eziningana: hlola isigaba esithi "Isifinyezo Sesistimu" ku- msinfo32 , bheka ilebula phansi kwekhompyutha yakho ephathekayo noma ideskithophu, noma sebenzisa amathuluzi okuxilonga ihadiwe njenge-AIDA64. Ngalolo lwazi, iya kuwebhusayithi yokusekela esemthethweni, faka imodeli, bese ulanda abashayeli be-OEM.
Ezimweni eziningi, uzobona izinguqulo eziningana zengxenye efanayo. Kungumqondo omuhle ukuzama inguqulo endala kancane uma yakamuva ibangela izinkinga. Kuma-chipset kanye nezithombe ezihlanganisiwe eziguqulwe yi-assembler, ngokuvamile kungcono ukufaka iphakheji ye-OEM kuqala bese usebenzisa kuphela umshayeli ojwayelekile ovela kumthengisi (Intel, AMD, njll.) uma kunenkinga ethile umenzi angayixazululi.
Isibuyekezo seWindows kanye nezibuyekezo zomshayeli ozikhethela
I-Windows 10 ne-11 sezivele zikwenzela umsebenzi omningi: ziyakwazi ukubona ihadiwe eminingi futhi zilande abashayeli abafanele ku-Windows Update , ikakhulukazi kumadivayisi avamile kanye nezingxenye ezibalulekile.
Ku-Windows 11, ungahlola "izibuyekezo ozikhethelayo" ngokuya ku: Izilungiselelo → Isibuyekezo se-Windows → Izinketho Ezithuthukisiwe → Izibuyekezo ozikhethelayo → Izibuyekezo zomshayeli. Lapho uzothola abashayeli abangafakiwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa ongabakhetha ngesandla.
Ku-Windows 10, inqubo iyafana: Izilungiselelo → Ukuvuselelwa Nokuphepha → Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Windows, futhi ngaphakathi kwalokho, isigaba sokuvuselelwa ongazikhethela. Kuyindlela elula yokugcina abashayeli abanconywayo benethiwekhi, umsindo, i-Bluetooth, nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo zisesikhathini ngaphandle kokuhlupheka kokusesha amafayela kumawebhusayithi ahlukene.
Noma kunjalo, i-Windows Update ayinikezi njalo inguqulo yakamuva etholakala kuwebhusayithi yomenzi, futhi ayihlanganisi yonke ihadiwe emakethe. Okungcono kakhulu, kufanele uhlanganise lezi zibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo nezibuyekezo ezivamile kumawebhusayithi abakhiqizi uma uhlangabezana nezinkinga noma ufuna ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza.
Khipha futhi ufake kabusha abashayeli ngaphandle kokufaka kabusha iWindows
Uma idivayisi ingazinzile nhlobo, enye indlela esebenza kahle ukukhipha umshayeli ohilelekile bese uvumela iWindows ukuthi iyifake kabusha kusukela ekuqaleni ekuqaliseni okulandelayo.
Kusuka ku-Device Manager, thola ingxenye enenkinga (i-WiFi, ikhadi lomsindo, i-GPU, idivayisi ye-USB, njll.), chofoza kwesokudla bese ukhetha okuthi "Khipha idivayisi" noma okuthi "Khipha umshayeli".
Uma kuvela ibhokisi elithi "Susa isofthiwe yomshayeli wale divayisi" , lihlole uma usola ukuthi umshayeli ogciniwe wonakele noma awulungile. Bese uqala kabusha ikhompyutha yakho: I-Windows izophinde ithole ihadiwe futhi ifune umshayeli ohambisanayo endaweni yayo yokugcina noma nge-Windows Update.
Le nqubo ivame ukwanele ukuxazulula izingxabano eziningi ezibangelwa ukufakwa okuhlulekile, izinsalela zezinguqulo ezindala, noma abashayeli abangalungile ababhajwe ohlelweni.
Faka abashayeli ngesandla kusuka kumafayela e-.inf
Amanye amadivayisi, ikakhulukazi lawo aqondile kakhulu noma asezingeni eliphansi, asatshalaliswa ngaphandle kwesifaki sezithombe. Kulezi zimo, unesethi ye- .inf, .sys, namafayela ahlobene kuphela , futhi ukufakwa kumele kwenziwe nge-Device Manager.
Inqubo ilula: landa iphakheji esemthethweni kuwebhusayithi yomenzi (noma umthombo othembekile), uyivule uma ifika ngefomethi ye-ZIP, bese uthola ifayela le-.inf. Ku-Device Manager, thola idivayisi (uma ingenayo i-driver, ingase ivele njenge-"Unknown Device" enesithonjana esiphuzi), chofoza kwesokudla → "Buyekeza i-driver".
Khetha okuthi "Dlulisa amehlo kukhompyutha yami ukuze uthole isofthiwe yomshayeli" bese ucacisa ifolda lapho ugcine khona umshayeli. I-Windows izoskena leyo ndlela, ithole ifayela le-.inf elifanele, bese ifaka umshayeli uma lihambisana. Isibonelo, izifundo eziningi ezithile zichaza isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuthi ungafaka kanjani abashayeli be-MTP kumafayela abo e-.inf.
Uma uhlangabezana nephutha lokuhambisana, umshayeli angase abe ngowenguqulo ehlukile ye-Windows, ye-32-bit esikhundleni se-64-bit (noma okuphambene nalokho), noma ifayela lingase lonakale . Uma kunjalo, ungaliphoqi: buyela esimweni sangaphambilini bese ubheka iphakheji efanele.
Thola ihadiwe efanele ngaphambi kokusesha abashayeli.
Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukulanda abashayeli ngokungazi, udinga ukwazi kahle ukuthi iyiphi ihadiwe efakiwe kwi-PC yakho . Ukufaka abashayeli bemodeli noma isibuyekezo esingalungile kuwumthombo wezinkinga zakudala.
Njengendawo yokuqala, ungachofoza kwesokudla ku-Start → System ukuze ubone isifinyezo sekhompyutha yakho: iprosesa, inkumbulo, uhlelo lweWindows, njll. Uma udinga imininingwane mayelana nekhadi lehluzo, cindezela u-Windows + R → dxdiag kanye nethebhu ethi “Isikrini” ozoyibona Igama le-GPU, umenzi, kanye nohlobo lwe-chip, ilungele ukuya kuwebhusayithi efanele.
I-Task Manager nayo iyasiza: ithebhu ethi "Ukusebenza" ibonisa imodeli eqondile ye-CPU yakho, i-RAM, ama-disk drive, kanye nama-adapter enethiwekhi namavidiyo. Futhi uma ufuna ulwazi oluningiliziwe, amathuluzi afana ne -AIDA64 noma izinsiza ze-hardware inventory afaka uhlu lwe-motherboard yakho, i-chipset, abalawuli, i-BIOS/UEFI, nokuningi, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuthola umshayeli othize kwiwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi kamuva.
Abashayeli bamakhadi wezithombe: icala elikhethekile lama-GPU
Abashayeli be-GPU baziwa kakhulu futhi bayinkinga kakhulu, ngoba bathinta ngqo ukusebenza kwemidlalo, ukuhlela amavidiyo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-3D . I-NVIDIA, i-AMD, kanye ne-Intel zikhipha izinguqulo ezintsha kaningi.
Lezi zibuyekezo azilethi nje kuphela i-FPS ephezulu emidlalweni ethile, kodwa futhi nama-patches okuphepha nezici ezintsha (njengobuchwepheshe bokuhunyushwa kohlaka, ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka, kanye nokuhambisana nama-API esimanje). Ukuze aziphathe ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, umenzi ngamunye unikeza ideshibhodi yakhe:
- Isipiliyoni se-NVIDIA GeForce: isesha futhi ifake umshayeli wakamuva ohambisanayo, ithuthukise imidlalo, futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uthwebule noma urekhode isikrini sakho.
- I-AMD Radeon Software AdrenalinInikeza izibalo, ukuqapha izinga lokushisa, amaphrofayili okusebenza, kanye nezibuyekezo zomshayeli.
- Isikhungo Somyalo se-Intel Arc/GraphicsEzithombeni zesimanje ze-Intel, ifeza indima efanayo.
Inkinga ukuthi ezinye izinguqulo ezintsha ngezinye izikhathi ziphuma neziphazamiso ezinkulu ezibangela ukuphahlazeka, izinto zobuciko, noma ngisho nokuma kwesistimu . Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi nokusebenzisa inketho ethi "Roll Back Driver" ku-Device Manager noma, uma iphaneli yokulawula yomenzi ivumela, ukufaka inguqulo ezinzile yangaphambilini.
Kunini lapho kunconywa khona ukuvuselela abashayeli futhi nini lapho kungcono ukulinda?
Ukugcina abashayeli bakho benolwazi lwakamuva akukhona nje ukucindezela i-FPS emidlalweni. Kungenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuzivikela ezingozini ezisezingeni eliphansi futhi kuyindlela engabizi yokwandisa impilo yehadiwe yakho.
Izinguqulo ezintsha zivame ukulungisa ubuthakathaka bokuphepha, zithuthukise ukuzinza, zithuthukise ukusebenza, futhi zivumelane nezibuyekezo zeWindows. Uma amaphutha angajwayelekile eqala ngemva kokubuyekezwa okukhulu kwesistimu, kunconywa kakhulu ukuhlola ukuthi umenzi ukhiphe yini abashayeli abathile baleyo nguqulo yeWindows.
Kodwa futhi akukhona ukufaka noma yimuphi umshayeli omusha ngaphandle kokuhlola. Uma i-PC yakho ibalulekile emsebenzini futhi isebenza kahle, kungaba nengqondo ukulinda izinsuku ezimbalwa, ufunde okuhlangenwe nakho kwabanye abasebenzisi , bese ugcina ikhophi yesipele somshayeli wangaphambilini ozinzile uma kwenzeka.
Isu elingcono kakhulu ukuthembela kumathuluzi asemthethweni omkhiqizi (izinsiza ezivela ku-Intel, i-AMD, i-NVIDIA, isofthiwe evela ku-Logitech, i-Corsair, njll.), ngokuvamile ezikwazisa kuphela ngezibuyekezo ezifanele futhi, ezimweni eziningi, zikuvumela ukuthi ubuyele emuva uma kutholakala inkinga eyaziwayo.
Amathuluzi eqembu lesithathu okuthola, ukuvuselela, kanye nokwenza isipele abashayeli
Uma ukuthola kuyisicefe ukuhlola idivayisi ngayinye ngayinye, kunezinhlelo eziskena uhlelo lwakho, zithole abashayeli abalahlekile noma abaphelelwe yisikhathi, futhi ziphakamise izibuyekezo . Ziwusizo kakhulu, kodwa kufanele zisetshenziswe kancane.
Enye yezaziwa kakhulu yi -Snappy Driver Installer Origin , iphrojekthi yomthombo ovulekile engenazikhangiso ethola ihadiwe yakho bese ilanda abashayeli abadingekayo ezindaweni zayo zokugcina eziku-inthanethi noma ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Ayifaki lutho olungemuva kwezigcawu: ikukhombisa lokho ekutholile, bese unquma ukuthi uzosebenzisa ini.
Ilungele amakhompyutha amadala angenawo ukwesekwa okusemthethweni noma ama-PC asanda kufomethwa lapho ungenawo ngisho nomshayeli wenethiwekhi . Inikeza imodi ye-Lite (ukulanda okufunwayo) kanye namaphakheji aphelele okusetshenziswa ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Iphinde ikuvumele ukuthi udale ngokuzenzakalelayo amaphuzu okubuyisela ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko, ungeze ungqimba olwengeziwe lokuphepha.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunezinye izinketho eziningi: kusukela kuzinsiza ezilula njenge-InstalledDriversList (NirSoft), ezigxile ekubhaleni abashayeli abafakiwe ngemininingwane eminingi, kuya kuzixazululo zezentengiselwano njenge-Driver Easy, i-Driver Talent, i-AVG Driver Updater, i-Driver Max, njll., ezihlanganisa ama-backup abashayeli, ama-scan ahleliwe kanye nezizindalwazi ezinkulu kakhulu.
Ingozi enkulu ngala mathuluzi ukuwavumela ukuthi abuyekeze konke ngesikhathi esisodwa . Ngezinye izikhathi basebenzisa umshayeli "ohambisanayo", kodwa hhayi lowo ihadiwe yakho elindele, okubangela izingxabano ezincane. Into ehlakaniphile okufanele uyenze ukuwasebenzisa njengesipele: buyekeza kuphela amadivayisi athile akunikeza izinkinga noma lawo aphelelwe yisikhathi kakhulu, esikhundleni sokwamukela izinguquko ezingu-30 ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Abashayeli okufanele baqashwe ngokucophelela
Akubona bonke abashayeli abafanelwe izinga elifanayo lokunakwa. Abanye abashintshi kakhulu, kanti abanye bathinta kakhulu ukuzinza, ukuphepha, kanye nokusebenza kohlelo lonke.
Ibhodi lomama liqukethe amaphakheji amaningana ayisihluthulelo: abashayeli be-chipset, ikhadi lenethiwekhi elihlanganisiwe, umsindo, ama-port e-USB, kanye nabalawuli be-SATA/NVMe . Ukugcina lokhu kusesikhathini kusiza ukuvimbela izithiyo ezingavamile noma ukwehluleka kokuxhumeka kwezinto ezibalulekile ezisetshenziswayo.
Abashayeli bamakhadi ezithombe "bayinkanyezi" yezibuyekezo, ikakhulukazi uma udlala imidlalo noma uhlela ividiyo, ukwenziwa kwe-3D, noma i-CAD. Yilapho umehluko wokusebenza phakathi kwezinguqulo ubonakala khona kakhulu futhi lapho ukulungiswa komdlalo noma uhlelo lokusebenza kuvame ukukhishwa khona.
Abashayeli besitoreji (kufaka phakathi i-firmware ye-SSD) banomthelela oqondile ekuthembekeni kwedatha . Akuvamile ukuthi abakhiqizi bakhiphe izibuyekezo ezibalulekile ukuze balungise amaphutha angabangela ukonakala kwamafayela noma ukuphahlazeka okungapheli.
Kuhle futhi ukuhlola abashayeli nesofthiwe njalo ukuze uthole izinto ezithuthukisiwe (amagundane okudlala namakhibhodi, ama-headset anomsindo wendawo, amadivayisi okukhanyisa e-RGB). Nakuba kungabalulekile njengabashayeli be-chipset, isibuyekezo ngasinye singalungisa amaphutha, sithuthukise ukuhambisana, noma sengeze izici eziwusizo.
Futhi ekugcineni, abashayeli be-chipset bavame ukunganakwa kakhulu. Baphatha ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-CPU, i-RAM, isitoreji, kanye nezinye izinto eziningi ezisetshenziswayo, ngakho-ke ukuba nazo ziphelelwe yisikhathi kungaholela ekungazinzini okubonakala kungenakuchazeka.
Izixazululo ezithuthukisiwe: Ukulungisa amafayela esistimu onakele kanye ne-WinRE
Ngezinye izikhathi inkinga ayikho kakhulu kumshayeli uqobo, kodwa ngamafayela esistimu ye-Windows onakele , okungabangela noma yimuphi umshayeli ukuthi ahluleke noma aziphathe ngendlela engafanele. Yilapho amathuluzi "afihliwe" njenge-SFC, i-DISM, kanye nendawo yokubuyisela i-WinRE eqala khona ukusebenza.
Isihloli Sefayela Lesistimu (I-SFCLeli thuluzi lihlaziya amafayela e-Windows avikelwe futhi lishintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo lawo onakele ngamakhophi anempilo agcinwe ku-cache. Lisebenza kusukela kumyalo osheshayo onamalungelo okuphatha. sfc /scannow.
Uma i-SFC ibika ukuthi ayikwazi ukulungisa amanye amafayela, isithombe sendawo esisetshenziswa njengesithenjwa kungenzeka sonakaliswe. Yilapho i-DISM (Deployment Image Serviceicing and Management) ingena khona. Ingalanda amafayela ahlanzekile kumaseva e-Microsoft ukuze yakhe kabusha leso sithombe futhi ibuyisele ukuzinza kohlelo.
Uma inkinga inkulu kangangokuthi iWindows ayifinyeleli ngisho nakudeskithophu, iWinRE (Windows Recovery Environment) iyaqala ukusebenza. Yindawo yokutakula esekelwe ku-Windows PE kodwa enama-driver amaningi namathuluzi okulungisa. Ingabizwa ngokuzenzakalelayo uma ikhompyutha yehluleka ukuqala izikhathi eziningana zilandelana noma ngokubamba inkinobho ethi Shift ngenkathi uchofoza okuthi "Qala kabusha" esikrinini sokungena ngemvume.
Kusuka ku-WinRE ungasebenzisa izinketho ezifana ne- "Startup Repair", "System Restore", noma i-"Command Prompt" . Kokugcina, ungabhala futhi ususe abashayeli abavimbela ukuqala kabusha ngemiyalo ye-DISM, isibonelo:
Dism /image:C: /Get-Drivers ukuklelisa kanye DISM /Image:C: /Remove-Driver /Driver:xxx.inf Ukuze uqede umshayeli ophikisanayo, shintsha xxx.inf ngegama elishicilelwe lomshayeli obangela inkinga.
Ngale kwabashayeli: ezinye izimbangela zezingxabano kanye nendlela yokunciphisa izingozi
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izinkinga zomshayeli aziveli njalo kumshayeli uqobo. Ngokuvamile, isofthiwe yomuntu wesithathu, izinhlelo zokulwa namagciwane, ama-firewall, noma ngisho ne-malware kungabangela izinkinga.
I-firewall enamandla kakhulu noma i-security suite ingavimba ukufakwa kwabashayeli, ikhiqize imiphumela engamanga, noma ivimbele abashayeli ukuthi balayishe. Kuhle ukuzama ukukhubaza okwesikhashana lezi zinhlelo (njalo ngokuqapha) ukuze ubone ukuthi ziyimbangela. Uma kunjalo, ukuzihlela kabusha, ukuzifaka kabusha kusuka kuwebhusayithi yazo esemthethweni, noma ukushintshela kwesinye isisombululo sokuphepha ngokuvamile kwanele.
Enye inkinga evamile ukungahambelani nezinhlelo ezisanda kufakwa ezishintshe abashayeli noma izihlungi ezithile zesistimu. Kulezi zimo, kuyasiza ukusebenzisa i-System Restore ukuze ubuyele endaweni lapho konke bekusebenza kahle khona, ukhiphe uhlelo oluphikisanayo, uhlole abashayeli abathintekile, bese uzama ezinye izindlela ezihambisanayo.
Okokugcina, kuhlale kungumqondo omuhle ukugwema ukutheleleka nge-malware. Igciwane lingonakalisa abashayeli noma amafayela esistimu, ngakho-ke kuwukuhlakanipha ukwenza ukuskena okugcwele nge-Windows Defender noma uhlelo oluthembekile lwe-antivirus ngaphambi kokushintsha abashayeli ngendlela exakile.
Njengoba lolu hlu olubanzi lwezinsiza ezihlanganiswe ku-Windows, amathuluzi asemthethweni omkhiqizi, kanye nezinhlelo ezikhethekile, kungenzeka ngokuphelele ukuthola nokulungisa abashayeli abanenkinga ngaphandle kokufaka kabusha lonke uhlelo lwe-Windows.
Ngendlela encane, ukwenza amakhophi avamile, kanye nenhlonipho enempilo ngabashayeli ababalulekile, ungahlukanisa ingxenye enephutha, uhlanze amafayela aphikisanayo, ufake kabusha abashayeli abadingekayo emithonjeni ethembekile, futhi ugcine abashayeli ababaluleke ngempela besebenza kahle ukuze i-PC yakho ihlale izinzile isikhathi eside. Yabelana ngalolu lwazi ukuze abasebenzisi abaningi bafunde ngalo.